Background and Aims: Endometriosis is considered to be one of the most common women's diseases in the world. The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown. In this study, the bacterial agents were considered as the probable factors influencing this disease and the frequency of two bacteria U. urealyticum and C. TRACHOMATIS was studied in this disease. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on Pap smear samples of 50 women with endometriosis, 48 healthy women referred to hospitals in north of Tehran. The recommend samples were transferred to the laboratory, their DNA was extracted, and PCR method was performed. They were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Performing PCR test for U. urealyticum detection among the pap smears of people with endometriosis and non_endometriosis, 27 samples (54%) and 25 samples (52%) were positive respectively but none of the samples had contamination with C. TRACHOMATIS. The highest prevalence of U. urealyticum in both endometriosis and healthy subjects was observed in the age group of 30-35 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of U. urealyticum in patients with endometriosis and healthy subjects (non_endometriosis) was relatively similar and the same as normal flora. There was no infection with C. TRACHOMATIS in these individuals, therefore there was no significant association between these bacteria and endometriosis. For more accurate results such studies should be done in a higher statistical society.

Introduction: CHLAMYDIAl infections are the most common sexually transmitted diseases with highest rates of morbidity in different societies. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS is a known causative agent for premature rapture of membranes (PROM), preterm labor, miscarriage, low birth weight and neonatal death, and forms a copious burden of disease in many countries. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, outcome and risk factors of CHLAMYDIAl infections. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was done on 1114 pregnant women in their 11th to 32nd week of gestation who attended the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences during March 2007 to March 2009. Serum levels of IgG anti-CHLAMYDIAl antibody were measured by ELIZA method, upon taking a thorough medical history.Results: Positive results for CHLAMYDIA IgG were seen in 2.9% of the cases. CHLAMYDIA infection was 2.3 times greater in multiparous women compared to primigravids, (95% CI, 1.1- 4.8). Chorioamnionitis and neonatal death were respectively 4.7 (p=0.027) and 11.6 (p=0.008) times more prevalent in IgG-positive group compared to women without the infection.Conclusion: A relatively low prevalence of CHLAMYDIAl infection was observed in the studied population. Further studies in different groups of pregnant women, especially in cases attending private health sector, are recommended to be done in order to justify the necessity of routine CHLAMYDIA screening in pregnancy and the obligation for preventive care measurements in Iranian pregnant women.